Materials: Special Alloys

MATERIAL TYPES
In addition to carbon and stainless steel, Smalley offers a variety of special alloys to meet the needs of even the most unique applications. Smalley’s Edgewinding manufacturing process allows us to coil other special materials not listed below. A few examples include Hastelloy*, Waspaloy*, Titanium and more. If you have questions about a specific material requirement, please contact Smalley engineering to find out the best material for your application.

The following materials are stocked and readily available for production.

SUPER ALLOYS:

INCONEL X-750 *
This nickel-chromium alloy is used most commonly in high temperature and corrosive environments. Two commonly specified tempers of Inconel are described below.

Most commonly, Inconel X-750 is precipitation heat treated to a spring temper condition. In this state, it has temperature resistance to 700°F. The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) approves this hard temper to specification MR-01-75 (R_C50 maximum) for spiral retaining rings and wave/compression springs.

#1 temper, which requires a longer heat treatment than spring temper, has a lower tensile strength but provides temperature protection to 1000°F.

Both spring temper and #1 temper may be heat treated in either an open air or atmosphere controlled furnace. Open air heat treatment may produce oxidation, which often results in a slight black residue. An atmosphere controlled environment eliminates oxidation and produces a component with no residue.

• Rings and springs manufactured from this grade of Inconel have a blue/silver-gray color and exhibit no magnetism.

A286 ALLOY
In applications up to 1000°F, this alloy exhibits similar properties to Inconel X-750. Its spring temper condition is obtained by precipitation hardening. A286 may be heat treated similar to spring temper and #1 temper Inconel.

• This material exhibits no magnetism and has a blue/silver-gray color.

ELGILOY *
Known for its excellent resistance to corrosive environments and use at elevated temperatures, this relatively new spring material is now readily available from Smalley. Commonly used in oil industry applications, Elgiloy shows improved reliability over other NACE approved materials by resisting sulfide stress cracking. Additionally, Elgiloy is said to perform “over 600% better than 17-7 PH in load retention at 650°F and provide over 100% more cycles (in fatigue resistance) than carbon steel, without breakage.”

• Elgiloy exhibits no magnetism and is blue-brown in color as a result of heat treatment.

COPPERS:

BERYLLIUM COPPER ALLOY # 25
Normally specified in a hard temper, this alloy produces excellent spring properties due to a combination of low modulus of elasticity and high ultimate tensile strength. The alloy gains its physical properties by precipitation hardening. In contrast to other copper alloys, beryllium copper has the highest strength and offers remarkable resistance to loss
of physical properties at elevated temperatures.

• Beryllium copper is nonmagnetic. Its electrical conductivity is about 2-4 times as great as phosphor bronze

PHOSPHOR BRONZE, GRADE A
Phosphor bronze offers fair spring properties, fair electrical conductivity and is rated a step below beryllium copper in performance. It is purchased in a spring temper condition to maximize spring characteristics.

• Phosphor bronze is hardenable only by cold working. This material is also nonmagnetic.

* Elgiloy is a registered trademark of Combined Metals of Chicago. Inconel X-750 is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Waspaloy is a registered trademark of United Technology Corp. Hastelloy is a registered Trademark of Haynes International.